Cov plastics no tuaj yeem siv cov kav dej, tab sis lawv siv rau cov hom phiaj sib txawv.
Raws li cov peev txheej ntawm kev lag luam petrochemical, yas tau dhau los ua ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsoos nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb nkab yas ntawm cov lag luam. Lawv muaj cov xim sib txawv, qee qhov tuaj yeem khoov duav, thiab qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem. Coob leej ntau tus yuav tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv.
Qhov tseeb, plastics kuj tau ua los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv, yog li vim li cas thiaj muaj cov yas yas ntawm cov khoom sib txawv? Txhawm rau nws yooj yim, "cov khoom siv txiav txim siab kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua tau zoo txiav txim siab siv." Yog li, dab tsi yas siv feem ntau los ua kav dej? Tej zaum koj tsis yog neeg txawv nrog lawv.
PE polyethylene
Polyethylene (PE) yog thermoplastic polymer polymerized los ntawm ethylene (kub-yaj). Nws yog non-toxic, ntxhiab tsw, hnov zoo li siv quav ciab, thiab muaj qhov kub tsis tshua zoo tiv thaiv thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov. Cov mis molecular yog:
- [CH2 — CH2] n—
Polyethylene feem ntau muab faib ua qhov sib zog ntom Polyethylene (LDPE), Nruab Nrab Dawm Polyethylene (MDPE) thiab Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Lawv daim ntawv thov sib txawv. Cov. LDPE feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom ci xws li cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov fibers, thiab thaum nws los txog rau kev txhaj tshuaj yeeb nkab, HDPE lossis MDPE feem ntau yog siv.
Thaum tsim cov kav dej, qhov kub tsis kam ntawm polyethylene kuj tsis tshua zoo, yog li ntawd nyob rau qee qhov chaw muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntau dua (xws li cua sov), nws yuav tsum tau hloov kho, yog li peb muaj peb PE-RT thiab PE-X.
Polyethylene ntawm Raised Kub Kub Ntxhov (PE-RT) yog hais txog cov khoom ua kom sov kub-polyethylene. Nws siv cov txheej txheem copolymerization ntawm ethylene thiab octene los tswj tus naj npawb thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov saw sab nraud kom tau txais cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb molecular los txhim kho lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm PE.
PE-X (crosslinked-polyethylene) yog hais txog cov ntoo khaub lig-txuas polyethylene. Kev sib txuas sib txuas ua rau cov kab macromolecular tawm ntawm polyethylene mus rau hauv cov qauv peb-seem network, yog li txhim kho nws cov cua sov tiv thaiv thiab nkag tsis kam. Cov kab uas muaj kab ntsig tsis sib xyaw tsis yog cov thermoplastic thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov. Tam sim no kev lag luam tawm PE-X suav nrog PE-Xa, PE-Xb, thiab PE-Xc. Nws yog tsim nyog teev cia tias a thiab b ntawm no tsis txhais tau tias cov khoom qeb yog A lossis B, tab sis lawv tab tom txiav kev sib txuas sib txuas Cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem siv txawv.
PP polypropylene
Polypropylene (PP) yog ib hom thermoplastic yas (kub-yaj) polymerized los ntawm propylene. Nws yog cov yas uas muaj qhov ntom ntom uas me, feem ntau muaj kev ua kom zoo nkauj tsis muaj kab, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis mob. Nws cov mis lwg yog:
- [CH2 — CH (CH3)] n—
Vim tias qhov kub tsis tshua muaj brittleness ntawm polypropylene, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tsis zoo no, propylene feem ntau yog copolymerized nrog tus nqi me me ntawm ethylene lwg me me, yog li polypropylene tau muab faib ua homopolypropylene thiab copolymerized polypropylene
Polypropylene muaj cov cuab yeej zoo-ua lub zog, thiab nws yooj yim kom kub-yaj welded tom qab ua cov kav dej. Piv nrog PE, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus kev kub siab dua, yog li nws yog dav siv hauv tsev xa dej rau hauv tsev. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm polypropylene siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov raj xa dej, nws tau ntsib cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho hauv qab no:
PP-H (Polypropylene-Homopolymer) yog homopolymer polypropylene, feem ntau hu ua hom I polypropylene. Nws yog kiag li ua los ntawm propylene, uas muaj qhov tsis zoo tiv thaiv thiab siab kub tsis kam. Cov kav dej tau siv feem ntau siv rau cov kav dej sib txuas lossis lwm cov laj thawj engineering.
PP-B (Polypropylene-Thaiv copolymer) yog ib qho thaiv copolymer polypropylene, feem ntau hu ua hom II polypropylene. PP-B muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ethylene, uas zoo heev txhim kho nws tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam kub tsis kam, tab sis nws poob zoo kub tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, cov kav dej ua los ntawm nws feem ntau haum rau cov dej txias.
PP-R (Polypropylene-random copolymer) yog ib tus neeg tsis muaj ntawv pov thawj copolymerized polypropylene, feem ntau hu ua hom III polypropylene. Nws yog tsim los ntawm polymerizing ib qho me me ntawm ethylene monomers thiab propylene hauv txoj kev tsis haum copolymerization. Nws neutralizes PP-H thiab PP-B. Kev ua tau zoo tshaj tsis tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qee qhov kub thiab tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov kub tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ua qhov kev ua tau zoo, dhau los ua qhov zoo dua, tuaj yeem siv dav hauv cov dej kub thiab txias yeeb nkab ua raw khoom. Niaj hnub no, PPR tau kav ntau lub khw muag zaub rau hauv cov kav dej hauv tsev. Qhov no yog cais los ntawm kev ruaj khov, kev ntseeg tau thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa, thiab tau kawg, tus nqi pheej yig.
PP-RCT (Polypropylene-Random Crystalline qauv kub ua hauj) kuj tseem hu ua kub kub β-crystalline PPR, uas yog hloov kho PPR cov khoom, uas feem ntau hu ua hom poly polypropylene. Vim tias siv cov hexagonal crystals es tsis txhob siv cov monoclinic crystals ntawm PP-R, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv lub cev zoo li ntawm PP-R, PP-RCT tau zoo dua thaum tshav kub, tiv taus siab, thiab tawv. Tam sim no, PP-RCT feem ntau siv rau hauv cov cua sov cua sov.
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